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(Yo) siempre duermo la siesta. means I always sleep siesta.
(Yo) siempre duermo la siesta.
An irregular verb in Spanish has a change in the stem or in YO form when conjugated.
NOSOTROS and VOSOTROS forms of verbs are excluded from the stem changes in the present tense.
AR Verbs
AR verbs have two types of changes in their stem:
| E>IE | cerrar, empezar, pensar, comenzar,... |
| O>UE | almorzar, recordar, encontrar, costar,... |
AR verbs stem change E>IE conjugation (EMPEZAR = TO START)
| yo | empiezo | I start |
| tú | empiezas | you start (informal) |
él
ella
usted | empieza | he starts
she starts
you start (formal) |
| nosotros | empezamos | we start |
| vosotros | empezáis | you start |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | empiezan | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) start (formal) |
AR verbs stem change O>UE conjugation (ENCONTRAR = TO FIND)
| yo | encuentro | I find |
| tú | encuentras | you find (informal) |
él
ella
usted | encuentra | he finds
she finds
you find (formal) |
| nosotros | encontramos | we find |
| vosotros | encontráis | you find |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | encuentran | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) find (formal) |
Lesson on irregular AR verbs here
ER Verbs
ER verbs have two types of changes in their stem:
| E>IE | tener, querer, entender, perder,... |
| O>UE | poder, volver, llover, devolver,... |
Some ER verbs have irregular YO form:
ER verbs stem change E>IE conjugation (QUERER = TO WANT, TO LOVE)
| yo | quiero | I want |
| tú | quieres | you want (informal) |
él
ella
usted | quiere | he wants
she wants
you want (formal) |
| nosotros | queremos | we want |
| vosotros | queréis | you want |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | quieren | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) want (formal) |
ER verbs stem change O>OE conjugation (VOLVER = TO COME BACK)
| yo | vuelvo | I come back |
| tú | vuelves | you come back (informal) |
él
ella
usted | vuelve | he comes back
she comes back
you come back (formal) |
| nosotros | volvemos | we come back |
| vosotros | volvéis | you come back |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | vuelven | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) come back (formal) |
ER verbs irregular YO form conjugation: TENER = TO HAVE
| yo | tengo | I have |
| tú | tienes | you have (informal) |
él
ella
usted | tiene | he has
she has
you have (formal) |
| nosotros | tenemos | we have |
| vosotros | tenéis | you have |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | tienen | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) have (formal) |
Lesson on irregular ER verbs here
IR Verbs
IR verbs have three types of changes in their stem:
| E>IE | venir, preferir, mentir,... |
| O>UE | dormir, ... |
| E>I | pedir,decir, vestir, elegir,... |
Some IR verbs have irregular YO form:
IR verbs stem change E>IE conjugation (PREFERIR = TO PREFER)
| yo | prefiero | I prefer |
| tú | prefieres | you prefer (informal) |
él
ella
usted | prefiere | he prefers
she prefers
you prefer (formal) |
| nosotros | preferimos | we prefer |
| vosotros | preferís | you prefer |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | prefieren | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) prefer (formal) |
IR verbs stem change O>UE conjugation (DORMIR = TO SLEEP)
| yo | duermo | I sleep |
| tú | duermes | you sleep (informal) |
él
ella
usted | duerme | he sleeps
she sleeps
you sleep (formal) |
| nosotros | dormimos | we sleep |
| vosotros | dormís | you sleep |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | duermes | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) sleep (formal) |
IR verbs stem change E>I conjugation (PEDIR = ASK FOR, ORDER)
| yo | pido | I ask for |
| tú | pides | you ask for (informal) |
él
ella
usted | pide | he asks for
she asks for
you ask for (formal) |
| nosotros | pedimos | we ask for |
| vosotros | pedís | you ask for |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | piden | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) ask for (formal) |
-IR verbs irregular YO form conjugation: OÍR = TO HEAR
| yo | oigo | I hear |
| tú | oyes | you hear (informal) |
él
ella
usted | oye | he hears
she hears
you hear (formal) |
| nosotros | oimos | we hear |
| vosotros | oís | you hear |
ellos
ellas
ustedes | oyen | they (males)
they (female)
you (all) hear (formal) |
Lesson on irregular IR verbs here
We can form sentences with 2 or even 3 verbs as in English.
- ¿Quieres tú comer comida peruana? = Do you want to eat Peruvian food?
- Ellos no pueden viajar en verano. = They can´t travel in summer.
- Ella tiene que saber hablar francés. = She has to be able to speak French.
The most used verbs with the stem change E>IE
cerrar
perder
venir
comenzar, empezar
mentir
pensar
querer
tener
preferir
despertar
The most used verbs with the stem change O>UE
almorzar
poder
dormir
encontrar
volver
contar
costar
doler
llover
volar
The most used verbs with the stem change E>I
repetir
seguir
servir
competir
pedir
sonreír
vestir
conseguir
elegir
freír
The most used verbs with irregular YO form:
tener
hacer
poner
saber
ver
valer
conocer
ir
traducir
parecer
Summary
- Irregular verbs have change either in their stem or YO form.
- There are three types of stem changes
- We can form sentences with two or even three verbs.
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